基于预测滤波的卫星交会对接相对位姿确定方法

基于视频制导系统提供的视线测量,引入一种高精度、高鲁棒性的、实时的预测滤波算法,建立系统的误差模型,对角速度和位移速度进行一步预测,从而精确地估计卫星的相对位置和相对姿态。此外提出修正方案,通过卡尔曼增益对相对姿态和相对位移进行修正和更新,估计性能得到改进优化。通过卫星交会对接仿真实验验证算法的有效性,结果表明,预测滤波算法高精确估计相对姿态和相对位置,修正后算法得到了更高的精度结果,满足卫星交会对接要求,对在轨实验有重要参考价值。     

Onboard orbit determination using GPS observations based on the unscented Kalman filter

Spaceborne GPS receivers are used for real-time navigation by most low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In general, the position and velocity accuracy of GPS navigation solutions without a dynamic filter are 25 m (1σ) and 0.5 m/s (1σ), respectively. However, GPS navigation solutions, which consist of position, velocity, and GPS receiver clock bias, have many abnormal excursions from the normal error range for space operation. These excursions lessen the accuracy of attitude control and onboard time synchronization. In this research, a new onboard orbit determination algorithm designed with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was developed to improve the performance. Because the UKF is able to obtain the posterior mean and covariance accurately by using the second-order Taylor series expansion through the sampled sigma points that are propagated by using the true nonlinear system, its performance can be better than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which uses the linearized state transition matrix to predict the covariance. The dynamic models for orbit propagation applied perturbations due to the 40 × 40 geo-potential, the gravity of the Sun and Moon, solar radiation pressure, and atmospheric drag. The 7(8)th-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration was applied for orbit propagation. Two types of observations, navigation solutions and C/A code pseudorange, can be used at the user’s discretion. The performances of the onboard orbit determination were verified using real GPS data of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites. The results of the orbit determination were compared with the precision orbit ephemeris (POE) of the CHAMP and KOMPSAT-2 satellites.     

基于Hadamard方差的导航星座自主时间同步算法研究

文章在总结国内外研究成果基础上,针对GPS铷钟虽然短期稳定性较好,但采用Allan方差描述铷钟频率稳定性时,其钟差状态方程仅为两参数,在较长平滑时间里存在时钟漂移和甚低频噪声的影响,使噪声特性淹没或估值不收敛的缺陷,引入Hadamard方差建立了三参数系统状态误差模型,通过三次采样方差从模型上解决了线形漂移和甚低频噪声的影响问题。在时钟系统状态模型和星间双向测量方程建模基础上,给出了工程实用的标准Kalman基本滤波方程。数值分析仿真表明,采用Hadamard方差描述时钟频率稳定性显著提高星载时钟自主同步精度,从而克服了Allan方差描述产生的频率漂移影响较大和甚低频噪声不收敛的问题。     

基于Linux下TC的网络流量管理

介绍Linux下的流量管理器（TC）,讨论了TC的排队规定、分类和过滤器三个关键组件的相关细节,给出运用TC工具实现网络流量管理的具体实例。     

天线罩干扰下的雷达/红外复合导引头数据融合

针对雷达/红外复合导引头中存在天线罩折射以及外部干扰问题,在三维模型下,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter)的多模型算法,对天线罩斜率进行估计,并将估计结果代入EKF,降低观测视线角中的天线罩折射干扰,形成最优局部估计.采用基于环境信息的加权因子法对雷达/红外局部估计结果进行融合,通过环境信息度量传感器测量结果的可信度,忽略不可信的局部估计结果.设计4组算例检验融合算法性能,仿真结果表明:所提算法可以准确估计天线罩斜率,合理并有效使用雷达/红外传感器信息,提高系统估计精度.     

自适应滤波在磁暴期间地磁导航中的应用

对磁暴期间巡航导弹巡航段的地磁导航问题进行了讨论。针对地磁导航在磁暴期间常规卡尔曼滤波容易发散的问题,提出了一种基于Sage\|Husa自适应卡尔曼滤波的地磁导航算法。算法根据新息的变化自适应调整测量噪声矩阵,消除了磁暴影响,提高了滤波稳定性。仿真表明在选择合适的遗忘因子基础上,即使在磁暴最剧烈的时间段,采用自适应卡尔曼滤波仍能保证一定的精度,定位精度在200m以内,满足巡航导弹中程制导的精度要求。     

航天器非合作目标相对导航的联邦滤波算法研究

提出了一种适用于空间机器人在轨对非合作目标进行测量的“激光测距仪+可见光 测角相机”组合的联邦卡尔曼滤波相对导航算法。分析了激光测距仪和可见光相机进行非合 作目标测量时存在的问题,为此设计了一套包括分别基于测角信息和测距信息的子滤波器, 以及进行子滤波器数据融合的主滤波器在内的联邦卡尔曼滤波器,并提出了具体的判据来对 子滤波器进行“条件重置”。仿真实验数据表明该联邦卡尔曼滤波器能够在部分目标测量设 备的输出出现暂时故障情况下输出较为平稳的相对导航数据,并且滤波算法具有较好的容错 性。
     

空间非合作目标的相对导航粒子滤波算法

针对激光交会雷达作为在空间交会对接过程中的相对导航敏感器,研究了未来特殊背景下,非合作目标航天器对雷达信号发射干扰的情况下的相对导航滤波算法.针对高维模型计算量大的特点对传统粒子滤波算法进行了改进,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行了仿真比较,仿真结果表明改进后的粒子滤波器的滤波效果远远优于扩展卡尔曼滤波器,且计算量优于传统粒子滤波.     

Autonomous navigation of formation flying spacecrafts in deep space exploration and communication by hybrid navigation utilizing neural network filter

Autonomous navigation of spacecrafts is a difficult task, however, which is a must in future deep space exploration. With multiple spacecrafts flying in space, this aim can be achieved by formation flying spacecraft (FFS) utilizing inverse time difference of arrival (ITDOA) and inverse difference Doppler (IDD) methods, which can locate the position of earth-station from one-way uplink signals in the FFS coordinate, and by way of conversion of coordinates, the position of FFS is achieved in earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate. The ability of neural network (NN) filter in navigation to extract position of spacecrafts from random measuring noise of signal arrival time and Doppler shift is studied with different radius of FFS and surveying parameters. The NN filter used by spacecraft group is new way of unidirectional autonomous navigation and is of high precision of hybrid navigation.     

低成本无人机传感器配置方案的设计与仿真

以降低无人机制造成本为目标,在保证无人机安全自主飞行的前提下,提出了基于GPS和垂直陀螺、GPS和三轴速率陀螺及GPS和低成本惯性组件的3种低成本传感器配置方案,并针对每种方案在工程中遇到的问题,采用低通滤波、高通滤波和卡尔曼滤波等数据融合算法予以解决,最后在MATLAB平台下对每种传感器配置方案进行仿真验证.研究对比表明,对于自身稳定性较好的无人机,该3种传感器配置方案均能够实现姿态控制、高度控制、滚转控制以及航迹控制.